What Are Three International Legal Frameworks

Some international and regional human rights conventions specifically protect the rights of persons with disabilities or contain provisions relating to persons with disabilities. These include four interconnected and mutually reinforcing bodies of international law: Led by the World Bank`s Legal Vice President, the following compendiums of international and national legal frameworks constitute a set of practical tools that not only inform existing laws, but also provide a basis for helping countries identify opportunities to intensify their efforts in these priority areas. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child[iii], adopted in 1989, created the conditions to support youth participation, but only applies to persons under the age of 18 and focuses on the protection of children. [iv] The only international treaty that focuses specifically on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of young people is the Ibero-American Convention on the Rights of Youth. It was signed in Spain in October 2005 and entered into force on 1 March 2008. Article 21 of the Convention enshrines the right of young people to participate in political life. [v] The more known international disability standards are, the more likely it is that national courts will comply with these standards. This enables courts to play an important role in interpreting and developing international standards by applying international standards to national disability issues. There are also some cultural and social barriers that have contributed to discouraging persons with disabilities from fully participating. Discriminatory practices against persons with disabilities may therefore be the result of social and cultural norms institutionalized by law.

Changing perceptions and concepts of disability will lead to both value shifts and better understanding at all levels of society, as well as attention to social and cultural norms that can perpetuate false and inappropriate myths about disability. One of the dominant features of legal thought in the twentieth century was the recognition of law as a tool for social change. Although legislation is not the only means of social progress, it is one of the most powerful instruments of change, progress and development in society. International electoral standards form the basis of legal electoral frameworks. The right to full participation in a country`s political and electoral processes are fundamental human rights recognized in a wide range of international and regional legal instruments such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948)[i] and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR, 1966). [ii] (1) Direct incorporation of the rights recognized in the international instrument into what may be called a „Bill of Rights“ in the national legal system. (3) Autonomous functioning of international legal instruments in the national legal order. One of the dominant features of legal thought in the twentieth century was the recognition of law as a tool for social change. Although legislation is not the only means of social progress, it is one of the most powerful instruments of change, progress and development in society. International human rights are protected by fundamental international structures and organizations developed to promote and protect human rights. These include the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, human rights committees established under international instruments and ILO systems for upholding workers` rights.

Various international and regional instruments are part of the international legal framework on firearms. While demonstrating the complexity and multidimensionality of firearms-related problems, this multiplicity also illustrates the need for diverse and multidisciplinary approaches and the central role that firearms continue to play on the international agenda. Three main methods are available for transposing international legal instruments into national law: (2) the adoption of various legislative measures in civil, criminal and administrative law in order to implement the rights recognized in international legal instruments. In addition to the conventions, there are a number of global, regional and national policies that support and advocate meaningful youth participation in decision-making and make concrete proposals on how national, bilateral, regional and multilateral organizations can increase youth political participation. These have undoubtedly helped to bring youth issues to the forefront of government priorities and EMB attention. See Appendix: Chronology of International Youth Participation in Democracy and Peace, which provides further details on international and regional frameworks for promoting youth political participation. Sexual harassment in the workplace (PTSS) is a universal and widespread phenomenon that affects millions of women from all walks of life around the world. It is an endemic problem that has gained visibility and attention since the beginning of the „#MeToo“ movement. In this compendium on international and national legal frameworks on sexual harassment in the workplace (the „Code“), STP is understood as a form of gender-based violence that often targets women and occurs in the workplace or workplace. This includes requests for sexual favors, unwanted sexual advances, or other sexual behaviors, whether physical or verbal, that involve a „quid pro quo“ aspect (e.g., asking for sexual favors that are used for employment decisions) and/or create an intimidating, hostile, toxic, humiliating or abusive work environment. As one of the pervasive expressions of gender-based violence, it reflects discriminatory social norms, stereotypes, impunity and gender inequality. SHWP is seen as a development challenge and has high economic and social costs.

Despite its serious impact on women, employers and society as a whole, the behaviour is widely accepted and downplayed. The Compendium provides an overview of the main international and regional instruments as well as national legislation related to the SHWP. The human rights framework is intended to be a set of principles that are legally and morally binding on governments. A distinction must be made between legally binding treaties, alliances, statutes, protocols and conventions, as well as political declarations such as declarations and principles. The United Nations human rights system also includes a number of human rights bodies and institutions designed to promote human rights, including treaty bodies and special mechanisms.